（1）高层钢结构技术。根据建筑高度和设计要求分别采用框架、框架支撑、筒体和巨型框架结构，其构件可采用钢、劲性钢筋混凝土或钢管混凝土。钢构件质轻延性好，可采用焊接型钢或轧制型钢，适用于超高建层建筑；劲性钢筋混凝土构件刚度大，防火性能好，适用于中高层建筑或底部结构；钢管混凝土施工简便，仅用于柱结构。

(1) High rise steel structure technology. According to the building height and design requirements, frames, frame supports, tubes, and mega frame structures can be used, and their components can be made of steel, reinforced concrete, or steel tube concrete. Steel components are lightweight and have good ductility, and can be made of welded or rolled steel, suitable for ultra-high rise buildings; Reinforced concrete components with high stiffness and good fire resistance are suitable for medium to high-rise buildings or bottom structures; Steel tube concrete construction is simple and only used for column structures.

（2）空间钢结构技术。空间钢结构自重轻、刚度大、造型美观，施工速度快。以钢管为杆件的球节点平板网架、多层变截面网架及网壳等是我国空间钢结构用量大的结构型式。具有空间刚度大，用钢量低的优点，在设计、施工和检验规程，并可提供完备的CAD。除网架结构外，空间结构尚有大跨悬索结构、索膜结构等。

(2) Space steel structure technology. The spatial steel structure has light weight, high stiffness, beautiful appearance, and fast construction speed. Spherical node flat grid structures, multi-layer variable cross-section grid structures, and grid shells with steel pipes as members are the most commonly used types of spatial steel structures in China. It has the advantages of high spatial stiffness and low steel consumption, and can provide comprehensive CAD in design, construction, and inspection procedures. In addition to grid structures, spatial structures also include large-span suspension structures, cable membrane structures, etc.

（3）轻钢结构技术。伴随着轻型彩色钢板制成墙体和屋面围护结构组成的新结构形式。由5mm以上钢板焊接或轧制的大断面薄壁H型钢墙梁和屋面檩条，圆钢制成柔性支持系统和高强螺栓连接构成的轻钢结构体系，柱距可从6m到9m，跨度可达30m或更大，高度可达十几米，并可设轻型吊四。用钢量20～30kg/m2。现已有标准化的设计程序和化生产企业，产品质量好，安装速度快，重量轻，投资少，施工不受季节限制，适用于各种轻型工业厂房。

(3) Light steel structure technology. A new structural form consisting of walls and roof enclosure structures made of lightweight colored steel plates. A light steel structural system consisting of large section thin-walled H-shaped steel wall beams and roof purlins welded or rolled with steel plates of 5mm or more, flexible support systems made of round steel, and high-strength bolt connections. The column spacing can range from 6m to 9m, the span can reach 30m or more, and the height can reach more than ten meters. It can also be equipped with a lightweight suspension system. The amount of steel used is 20-30kg/m2. There are now standardized design procedures and specialized production enterprises, with good product quality, fast installation speed, light weight, low investment, and construction not limited by seasons, suitable for various light industrial plants.

（4）钢混凝土组合结构技术。以型钢或钢管理与混凝土构件组成的梁、柱承重结构为钢混组合结构，近年来应用范围日益扩大。组合结构兼有钢与混凝土两者的优点，整体强度大、刚性好、抗震性能良好，当采用外包混凝土构造时，更具有良好的耐火和耐腐蚀性能。组合结构构件一般可降低用钢量15～20％。组合楼盖及钢管混凝土构件，还具有少支模或不支模、施工方便快速的优点，推广潜力较大。适用于随较大荷载的多层或高层建筑的框架梁、柱及楼盖，工业建筑柱和楼盖等。

(4) Steel concrete composite structure technology. The beam and column load-bearing structures composed of steel or steel management and concrete components are steel-concrete composite structures, and their application scope has been expanding in recent years. Composite structures have the advantages of both steel and concrete, with high overall strength, good rigidity, and good seismic performance. When using external concrete structures, they have better fire resistance and corrosion resistance. Composite structural components can generally reduce the amount of steel used by 15-20%. Composite floor and steel tube concrete components also have the advantages of less or no formwork support, convenient and fast construction, and have great potential for promotion. Suitable for frame beams, columns, and floors of multi story or high-rise buildings with large loads, as well as industrial building columns and floors.

（5）高强度螺栓连接与焊接技术。高强螺栓是通过磨擦力来传递应力，由螺栓、螺母和垫圈三部分组成。高强螺栓连接施工简便、拆除灵活、承载力高、抗疲劳性能和自锁性好、性高等优点，工程中已取代了铆接和部分焊接，成为钢结构制作及安装中的主要连接手段。在车间内制作的钢构件，厚板应采用自动多丝弧埋焊，箱形柱隔板应采用熔咀电渣焊等技术。现场安装施工中，应采用半自动焊技术和气体保护焊药芯焊丝及自保护药芯焊丝技术。

(5) High strength bolt connection and welding technology. High strength bolts transmit stress through friction and are composed of three parts: bolts, nuts, and washers. The high-strength bolt connection has the advantages of simple construction, flexible removal, high bearing capacity, good fatigue resistance and self-locking performance, and high safety. It has replaced riveting and partial welding in engineering and has become the main connection method in steel structure production and installation. The steel components produced in the workshop should use automatic multi wire arc submerged welding for thick plates, and fusion nozzle electroslag welding and other technologies for box column partitions. During on-site installation and construction, semi-automatic welding technology, gas shielded flux cored welding wire, and self-protection flux cored welding wire technology should be used.

（6）钢结构防护技术。钢结构防护包括防火、防腐、防锈，一般是采用在防火涂料处理后无需再作防锈处理，但在有腐蚀气体的建筑中尚需作防腐处理。国内防火涂料种类较多，如TN系列、MC-10等，其中MC-10防火涂料有醇酸磁漆、氯化橡胶漆、氟橡胶涂料及氯磺化涂料等。在施工中应根据钢结构型式、耐火等级要求及环境要求选用合适的涂料及涂层厚度。

(6) Steel structure protection technology. Steel structure protection includes fire prevention, corrosion prevention, and rust prevention. Generally, it is not necessary to undergo rust prevention treatment after being treated with fireproof coatings, but anti-corrosion treatment is still required in buildings with corrosive gases. There are many types of fireproof coatings in China, such as TN series, MC-10, etc. Among them, MC-10 fireproof coatings include alkyd enamel, chlorinated rubber paint, fluororubber paint, and chlorosulfonated paint. During construction, appropriate coatings and coating thicknesses should be selected based on the steel structure type, fire resistance rating requirements, and environmental requirements.

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