Before the construction of fireproof coating for steel structure, the dust and sundries on the building substrate shall be cleaned, and the gaps shall be filled with fireproof coating. In particular, there are rust, welding slag, oil stain, mechanical dirt, old paint film and other residues on the surface of steel structure due to processing, storage and transportation. In order to improve the anti rust and anti-corrosion ability of the coating, surface treatment is very important.

钢结构防火涂料施工前，应对钢结构表面进行净化处理：

Before the construction of fireproof coating for steel structure, the surface of steel structure shall be purified:

1.除油

1. Degreasing

去除金属工件表面的油污,可增强涂料的附着力。根据油污情况,选用成本低、溶解力强、毒性小且不易燃的溶剂。常用的有200号石油溶剂油、松节油、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、四氯化碳、二氯甲烷、三氯乙烷、三氟三氯乙烷等。

Removing the oil stain on the surface of metal workpiece can enhance the adhesion of coating. The solvent with low cost, strong solubility, low toxicity and nonflammability shall be selected according to the oil pollution. Commonly used are 200 petroleum solvent oil, turpentine, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, trichloroethane, trifluoro trichloroethane, etc.

2.除锈

2. Rust removal

彻底钢材表面的锈垢,以延长涂膜的使用寿命。不同的钢铁器件表面有不同的除锈标准,它是按照除锈后钢材表面清洁度分级的。除锈的方法主要有:

Completely remove the rust on the steel surface to prolong the service life of the coating. Different steel device surfaces have different derusting standards, which are classified according to the steel surface cleanliness after derusting. Rust removal methods mainly include:

(1)手工打磨除锈,能除去松动、翘起的氧化皮,疏松的锈及其他污物。

(1) Manual grinding and derusting can remove loose and warped oxide scale, loose rust and other dirt.

(2)机械除锈,借助于机械冲击力与摩擦作用,使制件表面除锈。可以用来氧化皮、锈层、旧漆层及焊渣等。其特点是操作简便,比手工除锈效率高。常用的除锈设备有：

(2) Mechanical derusting, with the help of mechanical impact and friction, makes the surface of the workpiece derusting. It can be used to remove oxide scale, rust layer, old paint layer and welding slag. It is characterized by simple operation and higher efficiency than manual rust removal. Common derusting equipment include:

①钢板除锈机:制件在一对快速转动的金属丝滚筒间通过,靠丝刷与钢材表面的快速摩擦,除 去制件板面的锈蚀层;

① Steel plate derusting machine: the workpiece passes between a pair of rapidly rotating metal wire rollers, and the rust layer on the plate surface of the workpiece is removed by the rapid friction between the wire brush and the steel surface;

②手提式钢板除锈机:由电动机通过软轴带动钢丝轮与钢材表面摩擦而除锈;

② Portable steel plate derusting machine: the motor drives the steel wheel to rub with the steel surface through the flexible shaft to remove rust;

③滚筒除锈机:靠滚筒转动使磨料与钢材表面相互冲击、摩擦而除锈。现在还用喷砂除锈,并且是一种重要的除锈方式。

③ Drum derusting machine: derusting by mutual impact and friction between abrasive and steel surface due to drum rotation. Sand blasting is still used to remove rust, and it is an important way to remove rust.

(3)化学除锈,通常称为酸洗,是以酸溶液促使钢材表面锈层发生化学变化并溶解在酸液中,而达到除锈目的。常用浸渍、喷射、涂覆3种处理方式。

(3) Chemical derusting, usually called pickling, is to achieve the purpose of derusting by promoting the chemical change of the rust layer on the steel surface and dissolving it in the acid solution. Dipping, spraying and coating are commonly used.

(4)除锈剂除锈,常用络合除锈剂,既可在酸性条件下进行,也可在碱性条件下进行,前者还适合于除油、磷化等综合表面处理。

(4) Rust remover is commonly used as complex rust remover, which can be carried out under acidic conditions or alkaline conditions. The former is also suitable for comprehensive surface treatment such as oil removal and phosphating.

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